利用釋義法解題在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語進(jìn)行解釋常見的有對(duì)該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等引出解釋說明部分通過閱讀定義或解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思考例1】（2021年全國甲卷，C篇）9. What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean？A.Be careful！B.Well done！C.No way！Don’t worry！【解析】原文：A few minutes later， when I landed the trick， my friends beat their boards loud， shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater.本題可以用釋義法解題根據(jù)畫線部分后面的解釋“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater.（那才是真正重要的——掌握了滑板的落地技巧，才能成為一名好的滑板玩家。

可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，由此可以推出本句的“Safe”有贊美之意，故選B項(xiàng)考例2】（2020年5月天津卷，C篇）47. The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes.A. give passengers more pleasant viewsB. bring airlines more financial benefitsC. offer more enjoyable flying experiencesD. cost less in maintenance than traditional ones【解析】原文：There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.“added bonus”后面的that從句是同位語從句，解釋說明“added bonus”的內(nèi)容（坐電動(dòng)飛機(jī)更舒服）。

No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句則進(jìn)一步解釋說明，電動(dòng)飛機(jī)飛行時(shí)沒有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的噪音，沒有燃油的氣味，環(huán)境安靜和諧，這意味著人們能夠獲得更加愉悅的飛行體驗(yàn)，故選C項(xiàng)利用構(gòu)詞法解題英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉(zhuǎn)化的方式構(gòu)成新詞或生成新的詞義同學(xué)們要熟記一定數(shù)量的詞根、前綴和后綴，從而達(dá)到通過“解剖”一個(gè)單詞，對(duì)一個(gè)生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果，同時(shí)結(jié)合文章的語境來猜測(cè)詞義考例1】（2016年全國II卷，B篇）27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.【解析】原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare， “But I’m just not creative.”downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”構(gòu)成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。

因此，我們可以猜測(cè)該詞的意思是“不足，缺點(diǎn)”，故選B項(xiàng)考例2】（2010年福建卷，B篇）60. The underlined word “outlawed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “? ? ?”.A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused【解析】原文：Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 ， after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）， which had outlawed TV， 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.本題可以利用構(gòu)詞法結(jié)合文意猜測(cè)詞義out”作為前綴構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有“超越，超過”的意思，與“l(fā)aw”連用，意思是“超越了法律”，即為法律所不容。

再結(jié)合句子“In 2005， after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）， which had outlawed TV， 1 in 5 Afghans had one.”可知，2005年塔利班政權(quán)垮臺(tái)以后，五分之一的阿富汗人有了電視機(jī)，而在這之前電視應(yīng)該是“被禁止的”故選B項(xiàng)，“ban”有“禁止”之意利用因果法解題若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，那我們便可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推知單詞或短語的意義根據(jù)前面的原因可以推測(cè)后面的結(jié)果，根據(jù)后面的結(jié)果也可以反推前面的原因因果關(guān)系的語境通常由because、so、thus、therefore、as a result of、since、so that、so/such...that...等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)考例1】（2020年全國II卷，C篇）30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean？A. Boomed. B. Became mature.C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.【解析】原文：The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades， but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s， the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.由“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades”這一句可知，幾十年來，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠的數(shù)量處于控制之下。

根據(jù)畫線詞后的“the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy”可知，這種大小像貓的動(dòng)物開始瘋狂地繁殖，由此推知含有畫線詞的這一句指出了原因“20世紀(jì)80年代末海貍鼠市場(chǎng)‘崩潰了”，故選D項(xiàng)考例2】（2019年全國II卷，B篇）25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.【解析】原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule， or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up， “Alright. Yes， I’ll do it.”由邏輯詞“so”可知，此處可以借助因果邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義句意。

畫線部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”應(yīng)該有“勸說”的意思appeal to feeling”意思是“打動(dòng)某人，喚起某人的情感”，故選B項(xiàng)利用同義法解題畫線單詞或短語前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該單詞或短語的含義，這時(shí)我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義常見的表示同義關(guān)系的詞或短語有and、or、like、as well、similarly、too、also、either等當(dāng)畫線單詞或短語與其他單詞或短語由并列連詞或者表示相同相似關(guān)系的副詞連接時(shí)，意味著這兩部分內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的，由此可確定同等關(guān)系中的某個(gè)單詞或短語所屬的義域，進(jìn)而可推知其大致意思考例1】（2020年全國III卷，B篇）26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean？A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.【解析】原文：One nonprofit organization， which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment， is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.根據(jù)“One nonprofit organization， which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知，這個(gè)非營利組織旨在監(jiān)督電影娛樂業(yè)對(duì)待動(dòng)物的方式，所以下文應(yīng)是表達(dá)“該組織今年正在密切關(guān)注2000多部電影產(chǎn)品”。

keeping tabs on”與“monitors（監(jiān)控）”表達(dá)的意義相同，故選D項(xiàng)考例2】（2015年四川卷，D篇）44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.【解析】原文：And it is not just robins that are b。