一）無靈主語1、心理，情緒：(a burst/wave/sense) +情感名詞+有靈動詞+sb.（1）Mary felt a wave of anger sweep over her.瑪麗感到一陣憤怒2）Guilt and worry flooded over her. 內疚和擔憂一陣陣涌上她的心頭3）Before the competition her confidence suddenly failed her她在比賽前突然失去了信心2、主語是表示身體部位/音容笑貌的名詞+有靈動詞（1）My fingers shook with anger, so that I could not go on sewing.我氣得手指發(fā)抖,沒法繼續(xù)縫了2）I was relieved when a bright, sweet voice interrupted us.（3）The moment he saw the familiar handwriting, tears welled up in his eyes.?他一看到熟悉的字跡,便淚如泉涌3、The sight/thought ... of sth.+made sb.+表情感的形容詞/filled sb. with+表情感的名詞常見的表示行為或動作的名詞有:sight, thought, sense, visit, arrival等。

謂語:send, remind, embarrass, bore, drive (驅使)等動詞?（1）The thought of getting lost in such darkness filled us with worry and fearAt the thought of homework, I frowned.（2）表自然現象等的名詞+有靈動詞The thick fog blanketed the field. 濃霧籠罩著整個大地3）表時間和地點的名詞+witnessed/found/saw+名詞The following year saw the death of his mother. 第二年他的媽媽去世了The path led us to an ancient town.? 沿著小路,我們來到一個古鎮(zhèn)4、無生命事物做主語，用于結尾（1）The words still lingered in one’s mind. 那些話還縈繞在心頭（2）The experience enlightened him that..... 這段經歷讓他明白...（3）The story taught us that never should we judge a book by its cover.（二）定語從句1、名詞/代詞+that/who/where ...等引導的定語從句名詞/代詞指物時,用that/which, 指人時用that/who/whom,指地點/時間時,從句中缺狀語,分別用where, when, 名詞是reason,從句中缺狀語用why。

?（1）He took her down to a room where there were books and pictures.?（2）She looked at the presents for her mother which were in a basket under a chair.2、名詞/代詞, which/who/where/as ...等引導的非限制性定語從句主句與從句用逗號隔開which可譯為“這一點”, as引導該句式意為“正如”1）Hannah, who had brought wood, made a fire.漢娜帶來了木柴,燃起了爐火2）He kept a perfectly calm tone, which calmed me down他的語氣非常平靜,這使我平靜下來3、主句, whose+表身體部位的名詞+謂語動詞 whose+ n.作定語?（1）The twins gazed at their mother, whose eyes were filled with tears of joy.（三）狀語從句1、形容詞(短語), 主+謂…… 表達人物做某動作的原因、結果或狀態(tài),可放在句首或句末,增強感染力。

1）Exhausted, he flopped down into a chair.他筋疲力盡,一屁股坐到椅子上2）Eager to see her beloved daughter, the woman quickened her pace towards the building.（因為）急于見到她心愛的女兒，這位婦女加快步伐向那座建筑物走去2 、as/though引導的讓步狀語從句（1）Hard as he worked, he still couldn't catch up with the rest of the class.盡管他很努力，但他仍然趕不上班上的其他同學2）Brave as he appeared, he was actually trembling with fear inside.盡管他看起來很勇敢，但內心實際上在因害怕而顫抖四）非謂語1、 V-ing,主句或者主句, V-ing. (兩動作同時發(fā)生)Shouting for help, he ran towards the nearest house. 他大聲呼救著，跑向最近的房子Feeling ecstatic,she dashed out of the room like a wind. 她(感到)欣喜若狂，像風一樣沖出了房間。

He ran across the finish line, grinning with pride and joy.他跑過終點線時，驕傲和喜悅的笑容洋溢在臉上2、Having done sth, 主句. (兩動作先后發(fā)生)（1）Having waved goodbye, she turned and walked away.揮手告別后，她轉身離去2）Having finished the work, he felt a great sense of achievement.完成這項工作后，他感到了一種巨大的成就感3、V-ed,主句，V-ing. (情緒形容詞+2個動作)Relieved and overjoyed,we yelled at the helicopter,trying to catch its attention.我們松了一口氣，欣喜若狂，對直升機大喊大叫，試圖引起它的注意Regretful and embarrassed. I admitted the lack of consideration, longing for another chance to make it up. 遺憾和尷尬，我承認缺乏考慮，渴望再有一次機會來彌補。

五）獨立主格結構1、邏輯主語+非謂語(ing/ed/to do), 主句.（With）tears welling up in his eyes , he thanked the police in a trembling voice.（With）With everything well prepared, they carried the breakfast upstairs.（With）With loads of homework to do, I had no option but to deal with it.2、獨立主格-常用肢體語言：Eyes filled with tears，sb did sth. (眼里被淚水填滿，某人做某事)Face blushing scarlet, he apologized for what he had lone. (羞愧臉紅，道歉)Her heart burning with frustration，she did sth.(內心因沮喪而燃燒煎熬，她...)（六）巧用with復合結構1、with+情感名詞/with one's eyes full of/filled with +(tears of+)情感名詞,主+謂如with delight/anger/terror“高興地/生氣地/驚恐地”等或with one’s eyes full of/filled with happiness“雙眸里滿是喜悅”等作伴隨狀語,可使描寫更生動。

?（1）Mrs. Fairfax announced with great excitement that she was planning a house-party.（2）He froze, with his eyes full of horror. 他呆住了,眼里滿是恐懼2、with+sth.+doing/done/to do +主+謂 該結構表原因、結果或伴隨狀態(tài)如with a wave of excitement welling up inside her“一陣激動涌上心頭”?（1）He stood silently, with tears rolling down his cheeks.他靜靜地站著,眼淚流下他的臉頰2）With her plan ruined, she let out/uttered a cry of anger她的計劃被毀,她憤怒地大叫一聲3、 with+(形容詞)+身體部位的名詞+主+謂如with her pale lips“用她蒼白的嘴唇”, with her trembling hand“用她顫抖的手”等?（1）He opened the door with a shaking hand.他用顫抖的手打開了門。

七）名詞性從句添亮點1、 主語從句（1）That/Whether/Wh-等引導的主語從句+謂語What interested us most were three crosses in red ink.我們最感興趣的是用紅墨水畫的三個叉2）it形式主語的主語從句: it be+adj.(clear/obvious...)+that從句It was obvious that she could do nothing but wait.?2、賓語從句（1）主語+謂語+that/what/whether...+賓語從句從句作賓語,位于及物動詞、動詞短語、形容詞或介詞(短語)之后,如表“是否”用if/whether引導Jo discovered that Laurie loved books as much as she did.瓊發(fā)現羅瑞和她一樣愛書3、表語從句（1）主語+系動詞+that/what/when...+表語從句it seems/looks as if/though“看似……”?The fact is that a small smile may make a big difference.事實是一個小小的微笑可能會有很大的不同。

4、同位語從句（1）名詞+that/whether/wh-等引導的同位語從句該句式中的名詞通常是表事實的抽象名詞,如fact, hope, idea, news, thought, advice, doubt等?I rece。