翻譯三級筆譯實務模擬96Section Ⅰ English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.1.? In t（江南博哥）he winter of 1915, Pvt.1 Ernest Cable arrived at the hospital in Wimereux (維姆勒), France, in bad shape. The British army's soldiers stationed on the Western Front of World War I were being ravaged by a variety of microscopic enemies. For Private Cable, it was Shigella flexneri (福氏志賀 氏菌), the bacterium that causes dysentery.2? ? A military bacteriologist named Lt. William Broughton-Alcock took a sample of S. flexneri from Private Cable's body after he died on March 13, 1915. It was likely kept alive in agar, sealed under paraffin wax, and was eventually renamed NCTC 1 when it became the very first specimen added to Britain's National Collection of Type Cultures3, the oldest library of human bacterial pathogens in the world devoted to sharing strains with other scientists.? ? Managed by Public Health England, the N.C.T.C. holds about 6,000 bacterial strains representing more than 900 species that can infect, sicken, maim4 and kill us. (Strains are genetic variants of a species.) Of the nearly 800 registered culture collections in 78 countries, it's one of only a few dedicated to clinically relevant bacteria—that is, to species that make us sick.? ? About half of the microorganisms in the world's culture collections are bacteria, dwarfing5 the number of viruses and fungi. While many scientists today are focused on fighting the spread of the novel coronavirus, bacteria continue to outmaneuver our immune systems and antibiotics. We think of them as invaders in our world, but really, we live in theirs.? ? "On any possible, reasonable or fair criterion," wrote Stephen J. Gould, the evolutionary biologist, "bacteria are—and always have been—the dominant forms of life on Earth."? ? The collection6 supplies many of the world's clinical microbiologists with authenticated microbial strains of known origin. These scientists study how bacteria evolve, test safety protocols for infectious pathogens, develop vaccines, anticancer drugs and treatments for metabolic diseases, and study the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance.? ? Private Cable's killer, for instance, was brought back to life from its freeze-dried form by Kate Baker, a microbiologist at the University of Liverpool, and her colleagues, part of an effort to understand how S. flexneri has evolved over the past century. It still kills about 164,000 people every year, most of them children.? ? The team sequenced the NCTC 1's genome and then compared it with other strains isolated in 1954, 1984 and 2002. Only 2 percent of the bacterium's genome had changed over the century, but those changes were associated with higher virulence, immune evasion and greater antimicrobial resistance7.? ? When researchers like Dr. Baker discover a new species or strain, they can deposit it in the N.C.T.C.? ? "Their science can then be reproducible, because other people can study it," said Sarah Alexander, the collection's lead scientist and curator. "There may be new applications for those strains."? ? "From my perspective, it is one of the most important collections worldwide," said Jrg Overmann (約爾格·奧夫曼), the director of the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, one of the world's largest and most diverse8. 正確答案：1915年冬天，列兵歐內(nèi)斯特·凱布爾到達法國維姆勒的醫(yī)院時，身體狀況很糟。

當時，駐扎在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)西線的英國陸軍的士兵們正在遭受多種微觀敵人的侵襲列兵凱布爾感染的是會導致痢疾的福氏志賀氏菌?? 列兵凱布爾于1915年3月13日病逝后，軍隊細菌學家威廉·布羅夫頓-艾爾柯克中尉對他身體里的福氏志賀氏菌進行了取樣當時，樣本可能被置于瓊脂培養(yǎng)基中保持活性，然后用石蠟密封起來，收入英國國家標準菌種保藏中心，成為其收藏的第一件標本，并最終重新命名為NCTC 1該中心是世界上最早的人類細菌病原體庫，致力于科學家之間病菌菌株的共享?? 該中心由英格蘭公共衛(wèi)生部負責管理，保管著約6000個細菌菌株這些菌株分屬900多個細菌品種，可以致人感染、生病、殘疾，甚至死亡(所謂菌株，即細菌品種的基因變種)在78個國家近800個注冊的菌種保藏中，該中心是為數(shù)不多的幾家致力于收藏臨床相關(guān)細菌的機構(gòu)之一，也就是說，他們收藏的都是會讓人生病的菌種?? 在全世界的菌種保藏中，有大約一半的微生物是細菌，在數(shù)量上超過病毒和真菌現(xiàn)在，很多科學家正在專注于與新型冠狀病毒做斗爭，可是在與人類的免疫系統(tǒng)和抗生素的斗爭中，病菌仍然技高一籌我們把細菌看成人類世界的入侵者，但是事實卻是，我們生活在細菌的世界?? 進化生物學家斯蒂芬·J. 古爾德這樣寫道：“無論用任何可能、合理或者公平的標準來衡量，細菌都是——而且一直都是——地球上占據(jù)主導地位的生命形態(tài)。

?? 該中心為世界上很多臨床微生物學家提供經(jīng)過認證、來源已知的微生物菌株這些科學家的工作是研究細菌如何進化，驗證傳染性病原體安全操作規(guī)程，研發(fā)疫苗、抗癌藥物以及代謝疾病的治療方法，研究越來越嚴重的抗菌劑耐藥性問題?? 例如，為了理解福氏志賀氏菌在過去的一個世紀是如何演化的，利物浦大學微生物學家凱特·貝克和她的同事開展了一項研究，其中就涉及把這種奪走列兵凱布爾生命的病菌從其冷凍干燥的形態(tài)復活過來這種病菌每年都會奪去164000人的生命，其中大部分都是兒童?? 貝克的團隊對NCTC 1的基因組進行了排序，然后與1954年、1984年和2002年分離的菌株進行對比過去的一百年里，該病菌的基因組僅有2%發(fā)生了變化，但是這些變化卻與該病菌致病性提高、規(guī)避免疫能力提升以及抗菌劑耐藥性增強存在關(guān)聯(lián)?? 如果像貝克博士這樣的研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的菌種或者菌株，他們可以將其儲藏在英國國家標準菌種保藏中心?? “這樣他們的科學研究就能夠重現(xiàn)，因為其他人也能對其開展研究中心的首席科學家和主任薩拉·亞歷山大說，“而且，這些菌株可能會有新的用途?? 德國微生物和細胞培養(yǎng)物中心主任約爾格·奧夫曼說：“在我看來，這是全世界最重要的收藏之一。

他所在的中心是世界上最大、收藏種類最多的中心之一[解析] 1．Pvt.是單詞private的縮寫，是一種軍銜，意思是“列兵”電影《拯救大兵瑞恩》(Saving Private Ryan)中，瑞恩的軍銜也是“列兵”?? 2．本句如果照字面意思直譯成“對列兵凱布爾而言，它是福氏志賀氏菌……”，會給讀者不連貫之感，影響讀者的理解，應根據(jù)上下文調(diào)整措辭?? 3．National Collection of Type Cultures如果譯成“國家標準菌種保藏”，就不像是機構(gòu)的名字，宜加上“中心”一詞the oldest library of...是其同位語，library最常見的意思是“圖書館”，但是在本文中翻譯成“圖書館”明顯不合適，應譯成“庫”?? 4．maim的意思是wound or injure (someone) so that part of the body is permanently damaged從程度上說，infect、sicken、maim和kill是遞進關(guān)系，將它們譯成漢語的難。