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英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧

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    • 英漢翻譯中的"倒行逆施"現(xiàn)象n n在將英語(yǔ)句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)句子的過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些"倒行逆施"的現(xiàn)象,即不得不將原有的英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)打亂再將其譯成漢語(yǔ),或者是根據(jù)其意義逆著或反著將其譯成漢語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象其實(shí),這是英漢翻譯中所采用的一種逆向翻譯法,它旨在使被翻譯出來(lái)的漢語(yǔ)譯文更加通順、流暢,更加符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣逆向翻譯法主要有下列幾種類(lèi)型 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 一、"主""賓"換位譯n n所謂主賓換位譯是指在翻譯時(shí)將英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)換一下位置,使其主語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)能夠換位譯的英語(yǔ)句子雖然不是很多,它主要取決于英語(yǔ)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如 fail,happen,occur,desert,deny,appeal,come等,但由這些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子卻都是地地道道的英語(yǔ)常用句例如: 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n nHis heart failed him.(他失去了勇氣 n nSuch a chance denied me.(我沒(méi)有得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì) n nIf anything should happen to the machine, please let us know.(如果機(jī)器出了什么毛病,請(qǐng)通知我們。

      n nAt the most crucial moment,his self-confidence deserted him.(在最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻,他失去了信心 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n nThe word finally came to me.(我終于記起了那個(gè)詞 n nGood works appeal to everyone.(人人都喜愛(ài)好的作品 n nSuddenly a good idea occurred to me.(突然我想到了一個(gè)好主意 n nSomething has gone wrong with the computer.英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 二、"前""后"反向譯n n前后反向譯這種方法主要用在before作連詞引導(dǎo)的一些狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中,或用在一些諸如It was not /won't be long before...等固定句型當(dāng)中在這些句子中,為了使譯文更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,有時(shí)往往不是將before譯成"在......之前",而是將其譯成"后","以后"或"在......之后"例如: n nLook before you leap.(三思而后行 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n nI knocked several times before an elderly lady answered the door.(我敲了幾次門(mén)以后一位老婦人才來(lái)開(kāi)門(mén)。

      n nNew ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.(有時(shí)候,新思想等待多年以后才能被人們完全接受 n nIt was not long before everyone came to like him.(不久之后人人都開(kāi)始喜歡起他來(lái)了 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n nIt won't be long before we work out some plans to promote our sales.(用不了多久以后我們就會(huì)拿出促銷(xiāo)計(jì)劃 n nIt will be three years before we can meet again.n nIt was almost two weeks before they tracked down the facts they needed.(幾乎兩個(gè)星期之后他們才找到所需要的論據(jù) 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 三、"正""反"對(duì)調(diào)譯 n n正反對(duì)調(diào)譯這種方法在英漢翻譯中使用頻率極高,它可以運(yùn)用在詞、短語(yǔ)或句子等各個(gè)層面的翻譯中它是指在英語(yǔ)中許多從正面表達(dá)的意義,在漢語(yǔ)譯文中卻要從反面來(lái)表達(dá),而在英語(yǔ)中許多從反面表達(dá)的意義,漢語(yǔ)譯文卻又從正面來(lái)表達(dá)。

      即正的反著譯,反的正著譯例如: 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 1.英語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá),漢語(yǔ)譯文從反面表達(dá)n nHaste makes waste.n nAll good things must come to an end.(天下沒(méi)有不散的宴席 n nHe knew he was mortally ill.(他知道自己得的是不治之癥 n nExcuse me.I'm at a loss in recalling your name.(對(duì)不起,我想不起你的名字來(lái) 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 2.英語(yǔ)從反面表達(dá),漢語(yǔ)譯文從正面表達(dá)n nHis story was nothing but lies.(他的那番話(huà)純粹是謊言 n nOur advice was not lost on him.(我們的勸告對(duì)他起了作用 n nSuch things couldn't long escape notice. n nThe police were not going to lose sight of him.(警察將會(huì)繼續(xù)監(jiān)視他的行蹤 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 四、"正""反"對(duì)調(diào)譯在固定句型中的應(yīng)用 n n正反對(duì)調(diào)譯這種翻譯方法除了在詞、短語(yǔ)或句子等中大量使用以外,還經(jīng)常被使用在一些常用的固定句型當(dāng)中。

      例如: n n1.在not...until句型中(從正面表達(dá)) n nWe did not notice this matter until yesterday.n nIt was not until the teacher came that we began the experiment.(直到老師來(lái)了我們才開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn) 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n2.在It is /has /had...since句型中(從反面表達(dá)) n nIt is two months since Bill has smoked a cigar.(比爾已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月不吸煙了 n nIt had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat and drink.(我沒(méi)吃沒(méi)喝已經(jīng)六、七個(gè)小時(shí)了 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n3.在too...to句型中(從反面表達(dá)) n nThis book is too difficult for me to read.(這本書(shū)太難,我看不懂 n nInstances are too numerous to list.(例子多得舉不勝舉。

      英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n4.在can't /cannot...too /over /enough n n句型中(從正面表達(dá)) n nYou can't be too /over careful when you drive a car.(開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)你務(wù)必小心謹(jǐn)慎 n nWe cannot be thankful enough to them.(我們對(duì)他們?nèi)f分感激 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n5.在can't /couldn't +do +comparison句型中(從正面表達(dá)) n nI couldn't agree more about it.(我對(duì)此非常贊同 n nShe couldn't have explained it more clearly.(她把那件事解釋得夠清楚了 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n6.在would rather...than句型中(從反面表達(dá)) n nI would rather go out for a walk than stay in the room doing nothing.(我寧愿到外面去散步也不愿呆在房間里什么事也不做 n nI'm sure he would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction.(我相信他寧愿辭職也不會(huì)參與那樣一樁不正當(dāng)?shù)慕灰住?/p>

      英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 n n7.在know better than to do句型中(從反面表達(dá)) n nYou should know better than to make noise while the others are sleeping.(你應(yīng)該知道在別人睡覺(jué)時(shí)吵鬧是不對(duì)的 n nHe ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.(他應(yīng)該知道飯后直接去游泳是不好的 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 英語(yǔ)中一些容易誤譯的短語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些短語(yǔ)的字面意思與實(shí)際含義相差甚遠(yuǎn),你知道如何翻譯下面這些"似是而非"的短語(yǔ)嗎?n n  1.They often talk horse. n n  [誤]他們常常談?wù)擇Rn n  [正]他們常常吹牛n n  talk horse吹牛n n  talk about /of the horse談?wù)擇R英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 2. She has a bee in her bonnet.n n  [誤]她帽子里有只蜜蜂n n  [正]她神經(jīng)有點(diǎn)失常/胡思亂想,想得出神n n  have a bee in one's bonnet想得入迷,盯住一件事想;胡思亂想,神經(jīng)有點(diǎn)失常3. The machine is in repair. n n  [誤]那臺(tái)機(jī)器正在修理之中。

      n n  [正]那臺(tái)機(jī)器狀況良好n n  be in repair維修良好的n n  be under repair在維修中英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 4. We'll stand up to the project.4. We'll stand up to the project.n n    [ [誤誤] ]我們都贊成這個(gè)工程我們都贊成這個(gè)工程n n    [ [正正] ]我們將抵制這個(gè)計(jì)劃我們將抵制這個(gè)計(jì)劃n n    stand up to (sb. /sth. )stand up to (sb. /sth. )反對(duì),抵制;拒絕接反對(duì),抵制;拒絕接受所給予的不公正待遇受所給予的不公正待遇n n    stand up for sb. /sth.stand up for sb. /sth.贊成;支持;保衛(wèi);維贊成;支持;保衛(wèi);維護(hù)護(hù)5. Don't make a fuss of them!5. Don't make a fuss of them!n n    [ [誤誤] ]別對(duì)那些事大驚小怪!別對(duì)那些事大驚小怪!n n    [ [正正] ]別討好他們別討好他們( (或別溺愛(ài)他們或別溺愛(ài)他們) )??!n n    make a fuss of sb.make a fuss of sb.過(guò)分關(guān)心過(guò)分關(guān)心( (寵愛(ài)寵愛(ài)) ),過(guò)分表,過(guò)分表面化的贊揚(yáng);過(guò)度體貼;百般呵護(hù);溺愛(ài)面化的贊揚(yáng);過(guò)度體貼;百般呵護(hù);溺愛(ài)n n    make a fussmake a fuss大驚小怪,小題大做大驚小怪,小題大做英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 6. She is in the dock. n n  [誤]她在碼頭上。

      n n  [正]她在被告席上或她在受審)n n  be in the dock在被告席/犯人欄n n  be in dock在船塢中7. The boss gave her the sack. n n  [誤]老板給了她一個(gè)麻袋n n  [正]老板解雇了她n n  give sb. the sack(boot, bag, kick)解雇;開(kāi)除n n  give sb. a sack給某人一個(gè)麻袋英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 8. That girl student is in the green. n n  [誤]那個(gè)女學(xué)生身著綠裝n n  [正]那個(gè)女學(xué)生正值豆蔻年華n n  be in the green處于青春期,風(fēng)華正茂n n  be(dressed) in green穿綠色衣服9. That young man has lost his heart. n n  [誤]那個(gè)青年人失去了信心n n  [正]那個(gè)青年人處于熱戀之中n n  lose one's heart極其喜歡(某人),愛(ài)上(某人)n n  lose heart感到沮喪、灰心;喪失信心英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 10. The woman in labor is his wife. n n  [誤]那個(gè)勞動(dòng)的婦女是他的妻子。

      n n  [正]分娩的婦女是他的妻子n n  be in labor分娩,生孩子n n  labor勞動(dòng)11. Don't call him names!n n  [誤]別叫他的名字!n n  [正]別罵他!n n  call sb. names謾罵,罵人n n  call sb.'s name點(diǎn)名,叫某人的名英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 12. I have seen him through. n n  [誤]我看透了他n n  [正]我?guī)椭蛇^(guò)難關(guān)see sb. through (sth. )一貫支持或幫助(某人);向(某人)提供足以維持……的東西,幫助(某人)使之得以渡過(guò)難關(guān)see through sth. /sb.看透,看穿,識(shí)破13. The man is in the dumps. n n  [誤]那個(gè)人在垃圾堆里n n  [正]那個(gè)人神情沮喪n n  be in the dumps抑郁的,悶悶不樂(lè)的n n  be in a dump在垃圾堆里英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 14. They are fighting like cats and dogs. n n  [誤]他們像貓狗一樣地打架。

      n n  [正]他們正大打出手n n  fight like cats and dogs大打出手15. He is a confidence man. n n  [誤]他是個(gè)有信心的人n n  [正]他是個(gè)騙子n n  a confidence man(欺詐錢(qián)財(cái)?shù)?騙子n n  a confident man自負(fù)的人,有信心的人英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 16. Let's talk turkey. n n  [誤]讓我們談?wù)劵痣un n  [正]讓我們談?wù)務(wù)耼 n  talk turkey坦率認(rèn)真地談話(huà),談?wù)?jīng)事n n  talk of/about the turkey談?wù)摶痣u英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 你會(huì)譯這些句子嗎 He served me with a kind of coffee. He served me with coffee of a kind.He is not a little afraid of it. He is not a bit afraid of it. He went to Beijing for pleasure. He went to Beijing with pleasure. He went to Beijing at pleasure. 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 His English is anything but correct. His English is nothing but correct. Your request is out of question.Your request is out of the question. The old man is in charge of the children. The old man is in the charge of the children.英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 He has words with me. He has a word with me. They are of age.They are of an age. May we meet again! We may meet again. 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 He doesn't think much about that suggestion. He doesn't think much of that suggestion.His speech was reported at length in the newspapers. At length, his speech was reported in the newspapers. 英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧 此課件下載可自行編輯修改,供參考!此課件下載可自行編輯修改,供參考!感謝你的支持,我們會(huì)努力做得更好!感謝你的支持,我們會(huì)努力做得更好! 。

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