The Four LovesBy C.S.LewisAbout the author: CLIVE STAPLES LEWIS劉易斯 (1898–1963) was one of the intellectual giants of the 20th century and the most influential Christian writer of his day. His major contributions in literary criticism, children‘s literature, fantasy literature, and popular theology（神學(xué)） brought him international renown and acclaim. He wrote more than thirty books, allowing him to reach a vast audience, and his works continue to attract thousands of new readers every year. C. S. Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29, 1898. Throughout his life, Lewis was known to his family and friends as "Jack"—a nickname he called for himself at the age of four after the beloved neighborhood dog Jack died. Lewis had one brother, Warren Hamilton Lewis (1895–1973). Lewis's mother died of cancer in 1908 when he was just nine years old. Little lewis In 1910, Lewis became a boarding student at Campbell College in Belfast, just one mile from his home, but withdrew one year later. In 1913, Lewis enrolled at Malvern College where he remained for one year. It was there that, at age fifteen, he became an atheist（無(wú)神論者）, abandoning the Christian faith of his childhood. From Malvern, he went into private tutoring under William T. Kirkpatrick, "The Great Knock," who had also been his father's tutor. Lewis went on to receive a scholarship to University College, Oxford, in 1916. Lewis took a hiatus from study after the outbreak of WWI, enlisting in the British Army in 1917. On April 15, 1918, Lewis was wounded in the Battle of Arras and was discharged a little more than a year later in December 1919. While in the army, Lewis became close friends with his roommate Paddy Moore. Moore was killed in battle in 1918. After Lewis was discharged, he followed through with a promise to his friend to look after Moore's family. Lewis moved in with Paddy's mother, Jane Moore, and her daughter, Maureen, in 1920. The three of them eventually moved into "The Kilns," which they purchased jointly along with Lewis's older brother, Warren. During his time at Oxford, Lewis went from being an atheist to being one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century; 1931 marks the year of Lewis‘s conversion to Christianity（基督教）. He became a member of the Church of England. Lewis was married late in life at age fifty-eight to Joy Davidman Gresham, an American writer fifteen years his junior. They married in 1956, two years after Lewis accepted the chair of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Cambridge, where he finished out his career. After a four-year fight with bone cancer, Joy passed away in 1960. Lewis continued to care for her two sons, Douglas and David Gresham. C. S. Lewis died at his home “The Kilns” on November 22, 1963. His grave is in the yard of Holy Trinity Church in Headington Quarry, Oxford. Warren Lewis died on Monday, April 9, 1973. Their names are on a single stone bearing the inscription （墓志銘）"Men must endure their going hence.Achievements:Novels:(小小說(shuō)））《太空三部曲》1《來(lái)自寂靜的星球》（Out of the Silent Planet，1938年）2《漫游金星》（Perelandra，1943年）3《那股邪惡的力量》（That Hideous Strength，1946年）《地獄來(lái)鴻》（The Screwtape Letters，1942年）《夢(mèng)幻巴士》（The Great Divorce，1945年）《納尼亞傳奇》系列1《獅子·女巫·魔衣櫥》（The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe，1950年）2《凱斯賓王子》（Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia，1951年）3《黎明踏浪號(hào)》（The Voyage of the Dawn Treader，1952年）4《銀椅》（The Silver Chair，1953年）5《能言馬和男孩》（The Horse and His Boy，1954年）6《魔法師的外甥》（The Magician's Nephew，1955年）7《最后的戰(zhàn)役》（The Last Battle，1956年）《裸顏》（Till We Have Faces，1956年）《致馬爾肯書》（Letters to Malcom，1963年）Literature(文學(xué)文學(xué))《痛苦的奧秘》（The Problem of Pain，1940年）《如此基督教》（又譯作：《反璞歸真》）（Mere Christianity，1952年，是基于1941年至1944年的廣播談話內(nèi)容）《詩(shī)篇擷思》（Reflections on the Psalms，1958年）《四種愛(ài)》（The Four Loves，1960年）《卿卿如晤》（A Grief Observed，1960年）Book Contents:(目錄）目錄）CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION（引言）CHAPTER Ⅱ LIKINGS AND LOVES FOR THE SUB-HUMAN （對(duì)低于人類的事物的喜歡和愛(ài)）CHAPTER Ⅲ AFFECTION（慈愛(ài)）CHAPTER Ⅳ FRIENDSHIP（友愛(ài)）CHAPTER Ⅴ EROS（情愛(ài)）CHAPTER Ⅵ CHARITY（仁愛(ài)）About Affection（慈愛(ài)）： It includes both Need-love and Gift –love. It is the humblest and most widely diffused of loves , the love in which our experience seems to differ least from that of the animals. Affection , especially of parents to offspring , but also of offspring to parents , and that is the original form of the thing as well as the central meaning of the word. And he thought almost anyone can become an object of Affection , the ugly ,the stupid ,even the exasperating . But Affection has its own criteria（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） . Its objects have to be familiar . Affection , besides being a love itself , can enter into the other loves and colour them all through and become the very medium in which from day to day they operate.它包括需求之愛(ài)和給予之愛(ài)。

它是最謙卑、傳播最廣泛地愛(ài)，在這種愛(ài)中，我們的體驗(yàn)似乎與動(dòng)物的體驗(yàn)差異最小慈愛(ài)，尤其是父母對(duì)孩子的愛(ài)，并且也包括孩子對(duì)父母的愛(ài)而且，這是慈愛(ài)的最初形式，也是這個(gè)詞的核心意義幾乎所有人都能成為慈愛(ài)的對(duì)象：丑陋的、愚蠢的、甚至是令人惱火的人但是慈愛(ài)有自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它的對(duì)象必須是自己所熟悉的慈愛(ài)除了本身是一種愛(ài)外，還能滲透到其他的愛(ài)中，浸染它們，從而成了其他的愛(ài)每天發(fā)揮作用的媒介About Friendship（友愛(ài)）： To the ancients , Friendship seemed the happiest and most fully human of all loves , it is the crown of life and the school of virtue . The modern world , in comparison , ignore it. Without Eros none of us would have been begotten（產(chǎn)生） and without Affection none of us would have been reared , but we can live and breed （繁衍）without Friendship. The co-existence of Friendship and Eros may also help some moderns to realize that Friendship is in reality a love , and even as great a love as Eros . A friend will , to be sure , prove himself to be also an ally（盟友） when alliance becomes necessary ; will lend or give when we are in need ,nurse us in sickness , stand up for us among our enemies , do what he can for our widows （遺孀）and orphans（孤兒）對(duì)古代人來(lái)說(shuō)，友愛(ài)似乎是所有的愛(ài)中最幸福又最具人性的；它是生命的皇冠，是美德的學(xué)校。

相比之下，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)卻忽視了它沒(méi)有情愛(ài)，就不會(huì)有人出生；沒(méi)有慈愛(ài)，就不會(huì)有人被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，但沒(méi)有友愛(ài)，我們照樣可以生活和繁衍后代可以肯定的是，當(dāng)需要同盟時(shí)，朋友將會(huì)證明自己也是盟友當(dāng)我們貧困時(shí)，朋友就會(huì)接濟(jì)我們；當(dāng)我們生病時(shí)，他們照料我們；當(dāng)面臨敵人時(shí)，他們站在我們一邊；朋友會(huì)盡全力來(lái)照顧我們的遺孀和孤兒About Eros(情愛(ài)）： To the evolutionist（進(jìn)化論者） Eros(the human variation 變異)will be something that grows out of Venus , a late complication and development of the immemorial （遠(yuǎn)古的）biological impulse. And the thing is serious . First , theologically , because this is the body’s share ,is the marriage which , by God’s choice ,is the mystical image of the union between God and Man . Secondly , it is a sub-Christian , or Pagan（異教徒的） or natural sacrament（圣事） , our human participation in , and exposition of, the natural forces of life and fertility-the marriage of Sky-Father and Earth-Mother. Thus Eros ,like the other loves , but more strikingly because of his strength , sweetness , terror and high port , reveals his true status. 對(duì)進(jìn)化論者來(lái)說(shuō)，情愛(ài)（人類的變異）是從性欲發(fā)展而來(lái)的，是古老的生物性沖動(dòng)后期復(fù)雜化和發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。

但是，它是嚴(yán)肅的，第一，從神學(xué)上講，因?yàn)榍閻?ài)是肉體對(duì)婚姻的參與通過(guò)上帝的選擇而發(fā)生的婚姻，是上帝和人之間結(jié)合的神秘象征第二，情愛(ài)是我們大膽地稱之為次基督教的、異教徒的、或自然的圣事，是我們?nèi)祟悈⑴c和展示出的生命力和能產(chǎn)性-------天父與地母之間的聯(lián)姻About Charity（仁愛(ài)）： That such a Gift-love comes by Grace（恩典） and should be called Charity , everyone will agree. In reality we all need at times ,some of us at most times , that Charity from others which , being Love Himself in them , loves the unlovable. 每個(gè)人都會(huì)同意，這種來(lái)自上帝恩典的贈(zèng)與之愛(ài)應(yīng)該被稱作仁愛(ài)事實(shí)上，我們所有人有時(shí)都都需要，而有些人大多數(shù)時(shí)間內(nèi)都需要來(lái)自他人的仁愛(ài)，這種仁愛(ài)是他們身上的上帝之愛(ài)，讓他們?nèi)?ài)那些不可愛(ài)的人Reflection: After reading this book ,people will learn how to love . Love , which is great but also be dangerous . We may understand the love for needing ,the love for giving , and the love for appreciating well after reading it . We understand Affection comes from familiarity ; Friendship comes from hobbies ; and we also need charity , which like the grace from God , it makes us love those unlovable . But ,Love ,having become a god , becomes a demon .so we should pay more attention to love , from this point ,we can see , love , which not only need reason , but also need logos（理性） love , is alive all the time.  Thank you!。