附錄1 譯文本文依托“多功能清雪車研發(fā)”項(xiàng)目，設(shè)計(jì)了以裝載機(jī)為牽引主機(jī)的多功能清雪車，針對(duì)不同類型積雪清除方法及其屬具結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，以除雪屬具技術(shù)參數(shù)的分析、計(jì)算為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計(jì)了不同除雪屬具及屬具組合形式以達(dá)到清除不同類型道路積雪、一機(jī)多用的目的，全文研究工作總結(jié)如下：（1）分析闡述雪的物理性能，包括：密度及分類、硬度、抗切強(qiáng)度及摩擦性質(zhì)等通過分析路面與積雪相互作用的關(guān)系，為清雪車設(shè)計(jì)與關(guān)鍵參數(shù)計(jì)算奠定基礎(chǔ)2）在闡述清雪常用的方法及清雪車的主要分類的基礎(chǔ)上，分析介紹了以裝載機(jī)為牽引主機(jī)的多功能清雪車的主機(jī)參數(shù)和工作裝置，對(duì)各個(gè)工作裝置的功用進(jìn)行論述說明，并進(jìn)行了整機(jī)牽引平衡和功率平衡的分析計(jì)算3）設(shè)計(jì)螺旋集雪揚(yáng)雪清雪裝置以清除路面浮雪，闡述了螺旋集雪揚(yáng)雪清雪裝置的具體結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)螺旋集雪揚(yáng)雪清雪裝置的螺旋集雪裝置功率、集雪螺旋轉(zhuǎn)速、離心拋雪裝置功率及轉(zhuǎn)速、拋雪距離等主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算4）結(jié)合所依托的“多功能清雪車研發(fā)”項(xiàng)目，說明螺旋集雪裝置的安裝及工作方式，介紹螺旋集雪器結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，給出螺旋集雪器的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)參數(shù)要求以及裝載機(jī)的性能參數(shù)；分析螺旋葉片形式及其展開方式，研究雪的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)，為之后的相關(guān)分析計(jì)算奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。

5）在雪顆粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ)上，分析了螺旋集雪器各參數(shù)與工作性能之間的關(guān)系，初步確定螺旋集雪器的螺旋外徑、螺距和螺旋角，建立螺旋集雪器清雪效率和螺旋集雪功耗的數(shù)學(xué)模型；根據(jù)壓力、排量和功率選擇螺旋集雪馬達(dá)型號(hào)，由此確定螺旋軸直徑以及螺旋集雪器的轉(zhuǎn)速；對(duì)螺旋集雪器的振動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，分析螺旋集雪器在此轉(zhuǎn)速下發(fā)生共振的可能性6）對(duì)螺旋集雪器集雪功耗和清雪效率進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析借助MATLAB的Simulink工具箱搭建系統(tǒng)框圖，根據(jù)相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)并參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)確定模型基本參數(shù)，分析螺旋葉片外徑D、螺旋軸直徑d、螺旋螺距s等螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)以及螺旋集雪器轉(zhuǎn)速n、清雪車行進(jìn)速度V等工藝參數(shù)對(duì)集雪功耗及清雪效率的影響數(shù)值分析結(jié)果表明：螺旋葉片外徑D、螺旋軸直徑d、螺旋螺距s對(duì)螺旋集雪功耗影響很小，在考慮參數(shù)對(duì)集雪功耗的影響時(shí)基本上可以忽略不計(jì)；螺旋葉片外徑D、螺旋螺距s對(duì)螺旋集雪器清雪效率影響很大，清雪效率隨螺旋葉片外徑D和螺距s的增大而增大，螺旋軸直徑d對(duì)螺旋集雪器清雪效率的影響不大；螺旋集雪器轉(zhuǎn)速n對(duì)集雪功耗和螺旋集雪器清雪效率的影響都很大，轉(zhuǎn)速增大，螺旋集雪器集雪功耗增大，清雪效率增加；清雪車行進(jìn)速度V對(duì)螺旋集雪功耗影響很大，螺旋集雪功耗隨行進(jìn)速度的增大而顯著增大。

7）結(jié)合數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果對(duì)螺旋集雪器進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化以螺旋集雪器集雪功耗最小、清雪效率最高為目標(biāo)函數(shù)，以剛度限制、功率限制以及螺旋外徑D、螺距s、轉(zhuǎn)速n、螺旋角α的限定條件為約束條件，應(yīng)用遺傳算法對(duì)螺旋集雪器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析，優(yōu)化結(jié)果為：螺旋外徑D =0.6m，螺距s =0.5m清雪車是用于清除道路積雪，保障交通通暢、行車安全的冬季道路養(yǎng)護(hù)專用機(jī)械設(shè)備我國東北、西北的大部分地區(qū)冬季持續(xù)低溫，積雪數(shù)月不化的路面濕滑成為堵塞交通甚至引發(fā)惡性事故的重要因素特別近年來，隨著高速公路建設(shè)的飛速發(fā)展，公路和城市道路清雪的重要性顯得尤為重要現(xiàn)有國內(nèi)清雪機(jī)械的生產(chǎn)研發(fā)不能滿足市場(chǎng)的需要，而國外進(jìn)口的清雪設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴，服務(wù)和配件的供應(yīng)周期長、費(fèi)用高，不能完全適應(yīng)我國的路況因此設(shè)計(jì)制造適應(yīng)我國多雪地區(qū)的高效清雪車具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益清雪車清雪能力的強(qiáng)弱很大程度上取決于清雪裝置性能的好壞，所以深入研究清雪裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能是非常必要的目前許多國家都采用機(jī)械化“實(shí)時(shí)除雪”技術(shù)所謂機(jī)械化“實(shí)時(shí)除雪”技術(shù)就是使用浮雪清雪機(jī)械在降雪過程中實(shí)施清雪，降雪過程也就是清雪過程，雪停后清雪工作也基本完成針對(duì)“實(shí)時(shí)除雪”這一概念，就需要效率高、省時(shí)、省力的浮雪清除設(shè)備。

用于清除浮雪的裝置主要為螺旋集雪裝置，一般與高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)機(jī)、拋雪筒聯(lián)合使用雪被螺旋集雪裝置收集并通過風(fēng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動(dòng)從拋雪筒拋到路邊或者運(yùn)雪車上，節(jié)省了收集雪的時(shí)間，清雪效率較高但目前我國螺旋集雪裝置的清雪效率和發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還有一定差距，需要深入研究，提高清雪效率附錄2 英文參考資料The research was performed with the research project“the design of multifunction snow remover”.According to the clearance method of difference type snow,the multifunction snow remover was designed with the loader for traction host,which had multi operation tools.The operation tools was designed and assembled based on the analysis and computation of its parameters for the purpose of clearing difference type snow.The dissertation main includes the following:(1)The physical properties values of the snow,which included densit classification,hardness,anti-shear strength,friction property were analysis.The interactional relations between road and snow were analyzed,which is the foundation of the design of multifunction snow remover and the key parameters’ computation.(2) More comprehensive classification methods of the snow removers were provided.The classification methods were summarized referring to as many as relative materials.The parameters of loader and the tools of multifunction snow remover were analyzed and introduced.The functions of the snow tools were introduced detailed.The traction and power balance of the whole machine were computed and analyzed.(3) To clear fresh snow,the equipment of spiral snow collection and centrifugal snow cast was designed,and its structure was introduced.The power and rotate speed of spiral snow collection,the power and rotate speed of centrifugal snow cast,the distance of cast,et al,were computed and analyzed.(4)Combining with the project,the installation style and working system of spiral snow collection are illustrated,and the structure and working principle are introduced,then the design technical parameters of spiral snow collection and performance parameter of loader are given;the spiral blade is chose and its expansion form is illustrated,which lay a function for subsequent related analysis and calculation;the physical characteristics of snow is studied,lay a theoretical foundation for the mechanical analysis of snow later.(5)Base on the mechanical analysis and velocity analysis of snow,the relationship between various parameters of the spiral snow collection and the working properties was studied,and the helical vane,the pitch of helical vane and helix angle are determined preliminarily.The mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were established.According to the press,displacement and power to choose the type of motor for snow plough, and the diameter of helical axis and the rotational speed of the spiral snow collection is determined.In order to avoiding sympathetic vibration,modal analysis of the spiral snow collection is made,the conclusion of which shows that resonance will not occurs to the spiral snow collection in the determined rotational speed.(6)According to the mathematics models established,by means of the tool box of Simulink of MATLAB,the system block diagrams are builded.Then according to the related technique parameters and the references and literatures,mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snowcollection were simulated.Which analyzed the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed。