摘 要摘 要基于我國(guó)目前的環(huán)境情況，大量金屬離子和有機(jī)污染物隨工農(nóng)業(yè)和生活污水排入到河流湖泊中，導(dǎo)致大范圍嚴(yán)重的水污染生物標(biāo)志物應(yīng)用于水環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中，反映水體重金屬污染對(duì)水生生物的綜合毒性效應(yīng)，達(dá)到對(duì)水環(huán)境的預(yù)警作用本文選取長(zhǎng)江中下游代表性底棲生物銅銹環(huán)棱螺和中華圓田螺為受試生物，采用室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)法研究銅-鎘、銅-鋅、及鋅-鎘復(fù)合污染對(duì)銅銹環(huán)棱螺的生態(tài)毒理效應(yīng)，分析重金屬?gòu)?fù)合暴露下，銅銹環(huán)棱螺內(nèi)臟團(tuán)抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)各指標(biāo)的變化、探究底棲生物螺類內(nèi)臟重金屬含量與底泥污染物之間的相關(guān)性、篩選敏感的生物標(biāo)志物指標(biāo)；同時(shí)采用主動(dòng)生物監(jiān)測(cè)法（ABM ）對(duì)南京市重金屬污染水域進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)分析，對(duì)生物標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行綜合分析，探討了底棲生物抗氧化指標(biāo)作為污染水環(huán)境預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的可行性室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)表明，在底泥中Cu含量為0-200mg/kg，Cd為0-100mg/kg的復(fù)合污染暴露下，銅銹環(huán)棱螺內(nèi)臟團(tuán)Cu富集量隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)，最高值出現(xiàn)在（50-5（mg/kg））復(fù)合暴露濃度組，含量為137.84±0.97（mg/kg）；Cd含量在第10d表現(xiàn)出迅速上升的趨勢(shì)抗氧化酶活性顯示：SOD活性隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，表現(xiàn)出先增高后下降的趨勢(shì)；MDA含量在20d，出現(xiàn)了最大值；CAT變化與SOD活性趨勢(shì)基本一致。

Cu-Zn復(fù)合暴露試驗(yàn)，Cu富集量在生物內(nèi)臟團(tuán)中呈現(xiàn)不一致的變化趨勢(shì)，并且在20d，低濃度暴露下，Cu富集量達(dá)到了最高值為538.9±2.21（mg/kg）；Zn富集量隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，各暴露濃度組均呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)SOD活性在暴露第20d，低濃度和高濃度組活性升高；MDA含量在第30d，暴露濃度為100-200mg/kg時(shí)，達(dá)到了最高值；GST活性整體呈現(xiàn)抑制作用；CAT活性在第20d低濃度和中濃度組活性升高Zn-Cd復(fù)合暴露試驗(yàn)表明，在暴露10d，銅銹環(huán)棱螺內(nèi)臟團(tuán)Zn富集量呈先誘導(dǎo)后抑制的作用，且復(fù)合濃度為400-100（mg/kg）暴露下，出現(xiàn)了最低值為116.46±0.54；Cd在生物內(nèi)臟團(tuán)富集量較少抗氧化酶活性顯示：SOD活性在10d暴露下，呈先增高、后降低的變化，CAT活性明顯下降；30d，CAT活性與SOD活性的變化趨勢(shì)一致MDA含量在暴露30d后，其含量達(dá)到4.86（nmol/mg pr）GST活性在暴露10d，GST活性沒(méi)有受到顯著誘導(dǎo)，暴露時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)到30d，各濃度組顯示抑制作用，其中高濃度組抑制作用達(dá)到最大現(xiàn)場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明，作為對(duì)照的0號(hào)水體（飲用水源地水庫(kù)）監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)綜合污染指數(shù)（IBR）為6.79；1號(hào)因周邊生活污水的排入，且1號(hào)河道監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)IBR為9.21，底泥中Zn含量較高；緊臨銅礦工業(yè)區(qū)的2號(hào)河道IBR為9.48，污染程度較重，其中底泥中Cu含量達(dá)到了最大，含量為460.1±2.35（mg/kg）。

人工放養(yǎng)的銅銹環(huán)棱螺抗氧化酶活性顯示：SOD活性先升后降、MDA含量呈不同的變化、GST活性在30d，1號(hào)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)顯著誘導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象、CAT活性隨時(shí)間的變化均是在降低人工放養(yǎng)的中華圓田螺抗氧化酶活性表明：SOD活性在15d和30d，均被輕微誘導(dǎo)；MDA含量在2號(hào)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)最大值；GST活性在第15d，各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)均出現(xiàn)抑制現(xiàn)象；CAT活性在監(jiān)測(cè)期間呈先降低后升高的趨勢(shì)關(guān)鍵詞： 重金屬；復(fù)合污染；生物標(biāo)志物；銅銹環(huán)棱螺；中華圓田IAbstrctAbstractBased on current environmental, a large number of metal ions and organic containments discharged into rivers, resulting in serious water pollution. Biomarkers always used in the water environmental risk assessment, reflect comprehensive toxic effects of water heavy mental pollution on aquatic organisms. This paper select Bellamya aeruginosa and Cipangopaludina cahayensis in Yangtze river as test organism, take indoor cultivation measures to study Cu-Cd, Cu-Zn, Zn-Cd complex pollution to the ecological toxicology effects of Bellamya aeruginosa. And use the active biological monitoring (ABM) to monitor and analyze the river polluted by heavy metal, explore the Feasibility to use the Antioxidant index of benthos as the water pollution environmental warning system. Indoor simulation show that Cu content was 0-200mg/kg and Cd content was 0-100mg/kg , Bellamya aeruginosa visceral mass Cu enrichment was first increased and then decreased with time, the highest value in (50-5 (mg / kg)), content 137.84 ± 0.97 (mg / kg); Cd content at 10d exhibit rapid upward trend. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Display: SOD activity with time, showing a downward trend after the first increase; MDA content in the 20d, the emergence of the maximum; CAT and SOD activity changes consistent trend.Cu-Zn composite exposure, Cu enrichment show inconsistencies in the biological visceral mass, low concentrations and in the 20d, Cu enrichment reached a maximum value of 538.9 ± 2.21 (mg / kg); with time , Zn enrichment showed a downward trend after and first rise. SOD activity in the exposed section 20d, low concentration and high concentration group increased activity; MDA content in the first 30d, when exposed to a concentration of 100-200mg/kg, reaching the highest value; GST activity as a whole showed inhibition; CAT activity in section 20d low concentrations and elevated concentrations of group activity.Zn-Cd exposure tests show Bellamya aeruginosa visceral mass Zn enrichment was suppressed after and first induction effect in 10d, compound concentration of 400-100 (mg / kg) exposure, minimum value 116.46 ± 0.54; Cd less visceral mass in biological enrichment. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Display: SOD activity at 10d exposure, was first increased, then decreased changes, CAT activity was significantly decreased; consistent with changes in the activity of SOD activity 30d, CAT trend. MDA levels after exposure 30d, its content reaches 4.86 (nmol / mg pr). GST activity when exposed 10d, GST activity was not affected significantly induced, prolonged exposure to 30d, each group showed inhibitory concentration, which reached maximum inhibition of the high concentration group.Scene dynamic monitoring results show that as the number 0 in control of the water (source of drinking water reservoirs) monitoring point pollution index (IBR) is 6.79; No. 1, because of sewage discharged into the surrounding, and the 1st river monitoring sites IBR 9.21, high sediment content of Zn; close to the industrial area on the 2nd copper river IBR 9.48, heavy pollution levels, which sediment Cu content reaches the maximum content of 460.1 ± 2.35 (mg / kg). Artificial stocking Bellamya aeruginosa antioxidant enzyme activity Show: After the first lift of SOD, MDA content was different variations, GST activity in the 30d, the 1st monitoring points appear significantly induced phenomena, CAT activity changes over time are in reduced. Artificial stocking Chinese Cipangopaludina cahayensis antioxidant enzyme activity showed: SOD activity in the 15d and 30d, are。