1. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龜) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龜) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為… turtles have struggled…For hundreds of millions of years 為介詞短語作時間狀語before… 為時間狀語從句，該從句采用的是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為or連接的三個名詞（詞組）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites and marine biologists和volunteers，主語后的不定式均為主語的后置定語。

lest“以免”引導(dǎo)狀語從句，采用虛擬語氣譯文】數(shù)百萬年以來，海龜們都掙扎著從海里爬出來，到沙灘上產(chǎn)卵，那時候還沒有自然紀(jì)錄片來記錄它們的活動，沒有GPS衛(wèi)星和海洋生物學(xué)家跟蹤它們，沒有志愿者用手把小海龜放到水邊以防它們被桅燈搞得迷失方向而爬向旅館的停車場2. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered” — meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為The figures prompted Oceana…to petition the government為不定式作prompted的狀語，to upgrade the level of protection… 為不定式作petition的狀語。

they are in danger… help作meaning的賓語，相當(dāng)于省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句譯文】這些數(shù)字迫使Oceana向政府請求將對北大西洋大海龜?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)程度由“受到威脅”提升到“瀕臨滅絕”，這意味著如果沒有額外的保護(hù)，它們將面臨消失的危險3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為并列復(fù)合句，主架為Nature is indifferent… and… a report… showed… a… drop…But表轉(zhuǎn)折by the Fish and Wildlife Service為介詞短語作report的后置定語。

which can grow to as much as 400 pounds為非限制性定語從句，修飾loggerheadsbe indifferent to意為“對…無動于衷”a drop in指“在…方面下降”譯文】但是大自然對人們的平等觀念卻漠不關(guān)心，漁業(yè)和野生動物服務(wù)組織的一項報告顯示，北大西洋好幾種海龜?shù)臄?shù)量都在令人擔(dān)憂地下降，尤其是一種能夠長到400磅重的大海龜4. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為… beach… are being squeezedon which… eggs為定語從句，修飾beachsqueezed后接了兩個由on one side… and on the other結(jié)構(gòu)連接的狀語：by development和by the threat。

of rising sea levels為介詞短語作threat的后置定語as the oceans warm為原因狀語從句譯文】一方面是人類的開發(fā)，另一方面是海平面因海水變暖而上升，使得海龜們產(chǎn)卵的狹窄沙灘正在縮小5. It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為It turns out… that…according to Griffin為插入語that while… in the ocean為賓語從句while在這里為連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折they spend on land為省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句，修飾的是the weeks。

括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步解釋they spend on land，as相當(dāng)于“作為…”they spend in the ocean為省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句，修飾the years譯文】按照Griffin的說法，答案是這樣：雖然我們對保護(hù)海龜們（產(chǎn)卵的母海龜，龜卵，小海龜）在岸上度過的幾個星期做得很好，但是我們卻忽略了它們在海里度過的歲月6. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龍) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為we must… or…or表條件get a handle on sth.指“著手處理某事”that… dinosaurs為定語從句，修飾的是a creature。

leaving our… 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語how a… affection為賓語從句，作wonder的賓語固定短語meet one’s end指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of為，指“出自…之手，由…完成”譯文】最終，我們必須著手處理這些問題，否則，這種比恐龍壽命還要長的生物將會在人類手中滅絕，從而給我們的后代留下疑問：為什么這么丑的生物卻能獲得人們?nèi)绱硕嗟年P(guān)愛？7. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為economists say families… can…about to go into debt為families的后置定語，to fund four years為不定式作目的狀語，of partying, as well as studying為介詞短語作后置定語。

that college… investment為同位語從句，作knowledge的同位語；that… should yield huge dividends為定語從句，修飾的是investment，在該從句中，unlike many bank stocks為插入語譯文】但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說，那些即將要負(fù)債來支付四年的聚會和學(xué)習(xí)費用的家庭可以從以下事實得到一些安慰：上大學(xué)是一項投資，與銀行股票不同的是，這項投資將有巨大的紅利8. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “l(fā)abor-market premium to skill” — or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned — decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (報復(fù)性地) since the 1980s. (2009年6月)【分析】本句為復(fù)合句，主架為A 2008 study… notes…。

by two Harvard economists作study的后置定語，說明study的發(fā)起者that引導(dǎo)一個很長的賓語從句，作notes的賓語在該賓語從句中，主語為the “l(fā)abor-market premium to skill”，謂語有兩個，由but連接，即decreased和has come backfor much of the 20th century和since the 1980s為時間狀語，修飾謂語兩個破折號中間的內(nèi)容為插入語，解釋說明“l(fā)abor-market premium to skill”在該插入語中，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作than的賓語，相當(dāng)于the amount譯文】2008年哈佛大學(xué)的兩位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者所做的一項研究指出，“勞動力市場給技能的額外收益”——或者說大學(xué)畢業(yè)生比高中畢業(yè)生掙得多的那部分錢——在20世紀(jì)的大部分時間都在下降，但是從20世紀(jì)80年代起，開始迅速回升9. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and ce。